Las Principales Terminales de Contenedores Portuarias en el Ámbito Internacional: Un análisis de Eficiencia Económica

Abstract

(Main Terminals Container Port in the International ambit: An Analysis of Economic Efficiency)

The objective of this work is to obtain and analyze the economic efficiency of 52 main ports in the international area during the period 2010-2016, using DEA methodology. First, technical efficiency with variable returns to scale is worked, then, allocative efficiency is considered, and, finally, economic efficiency is addressed. In the selection of the variables to be reviewed, the factor analysis was used, carrying out the extraction of common factors; and the matrix of rotated components was obtained using Varimax normalization method. The results show that the economic efficiency of the ports was 38%, being the technical efficiency that most influenced in economic efficiency determination. Public policies that encourage greater port development are recommended. The limitation found was the availability of information. The originality of the work is that there are minimal studies on economic efficiency, specifically of the port industry. It is concluded that low levels of efficiency demand a better use of their resources and a better combination of their inputs and prices.